Algae A plant or plantlike organism of chiefly aquatic habitats; usually include the green, yellow-green, brown, and red algae in the eukaryotes and the blue-green algae in the prokaryotes.

Aquaculture The cultivation of aquatic organisms (such as fish, shellfish, algae) during a portion or all of their life-cycle in order to produce edible seafood, industrial compounds, organisms that are then released into natural waters to support fishing, or other products used by humans. Also fish farming. Also mariculture when the cultivation is done primarily with seawater.

Bio-factories The production of specific, desired compounds within a plant, animal, or bacteria.

Bio-remediation The treatment of pollutants or waste (as in an oil spill, contaminated groundwater, or industrial process) by the use of microorganisms (such as bacteria) that break down the undesirable substances.

Genetic engineering The deliberate production of genetically novel types of organisms through a variety of biotechnological techniques. These techniques can include: deliberate gene changes includings changes in genes, transposable elements, non-coding DNA (including regulatory sequences), synthetic DNA sequences, and mitochondrial DNA; deliberate chromosomal manipulations including manipulation of chromosome numbers and fragments; and deliberate interspecific hybridization referring to human-induced hybridization between taxonomically distinct species. (Scientists' Working Group on Biosafety 1998). Also commonly called modern biotechnology, genetic modification, or bioengineering.

Shellfish An aquatic invertebrate animal with a shell; especially an edible mollusk or crustacean.

 

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