Acentria ephemerella (Denis & Schiffermüller)
is a moth in the family Pyralidae (Passoa 1988). It was formerly
called Acentropus niveus or Acentria nivea. It is
native to Europe and Asia but was inadvertently introduced to
North America in the 1920's (Buckingham and Ross 1981). Adult
moths fly, out of the water, however, most females are flightless
and stay on the water surface where they breed with flying males.
Little is known about host choice. The larvae (caterpillars) feed
on an array of aquatic macrophytes, however, they do have a high
preference for and consumption rate of Eurasian watermilfoil (Buckingham
and Ross 1981). Larvae eat the plant meristem, stem and leaves.
One generation is produced each year and the larvae overwinter
underwater (Batra 1977). The larvae will build retreats or cases
of milfoil leaves. High densities were reported to cause declines
of Eurasian watermilfoil in Ontario (Painter and McCabe 1988),
but declines in New England lakes that have Acentria were
more likely due to the weevil E. lecontei (Creed and Sheldon
1995). Densities have rarely exceeded 5/m2 in Minnesota, however,
very high densities and apparent control of Eurasian watermilfoil
has been documented in New York (Johnson 1995, Johnson et al.
1998, Johnson et al. in press). Researchers
have developed a site on this caterpillar's life history which
includes some excellent photographs.